Why didn’t Genghis Khan attack India? Mongol Empire Invasions & Conquests

Genghis Khan didn't attack India

History & Geography :

  • In 12th century, Mongolia was occupied by different nomadic tribal groups. Temujin, also known as Genghis Khan, was born in 1158 AD in one of these tribes.
  • Genghis Khan united all different Mongol tribes by 1206 AD
  • Genghis Khan sent a trade delegation to Central Asian Khwarizm in order to strengthen his command over the trade in Silk Route. But Shah Alauddin Muhammad ll, the emperor of Khwarizm declined his offer and killed his trade delegation.
  • It led to a ruthless invasion of Khwarizm by Genghis Khan causing bloodshed and destruction many of cities in route. Pursuing Jalaluddin Mangbarni, the son of Alauddin Mohammad ll, Genghis Khan reached to Khyber pass in Punjab. In the ensuing “Battle of Indus”, Genghis Khan defeated Jalaluddin Mangbarni.
  • Jalaluddin escaped the battlefield and sought refuge in Delhi’s Sultan But Genghis Khan didn’t cross Indus Valley even though he had large army and India was always at hit-list of invaders.
  • The decision of Genghis Khan not to cross Indus river is inexplicable even for historians as unlike Julian Caesar, Napoleon Bonaparte etc, he didn’t leave behind any bonafide account for his actions and thoughts.

Possible Reasons for Genghis return from India:

  • The rebellions occurring in Turkestan and China attracted the attention of Genghis Khan and he rushed back to crush these rebellions.
  • The Delhi Sultan Iltutmish’saloofness policy ” under which he refused to give refuge to the absconder Jalaluddin did not provoke Genghis Khan to attack India.
  • The hot and humid climate of Indian Subcontinent also might have caused fatigue to Genghis Khan’s army. The same factor had played a big role in the retreat of Alexander in 326 BC.
  • The Plain topography and dense population might have also discouraged Genghis Khan from invading India.

If you want to know about Naiki Devi, the Queen who defeated Mohammad Ghori; click here.

Historians Viewpoints :

Genghis Khan postponed the Invasion of India:

  • Some historians believed that Genghis Khan had only postponed his invasion plan of the Indian Subcontinent.
  • They say the frequent invasion by his successors during the reign of Balban, Alauddin Khalji and Muhammad Bin Tughlaq is the testimony of this fact. The Delhi’s Sultanate’s “resistance policy”, strong defence of Siri fort, able diplomacy and tactful alliances saved the subcontinent from possible Mongol invasion.

Genghis Khan abandoned the Invasion of India:

  • A faction of Historians also beleive that Genghis Khan had not invaded India simply because he didn’t have any reason to do so
  • Genghis Khan knew India was the birthplace of Lord Buddha and therefore, he might not have wanted a bloodshed on this holy land..
Sodhi Gautam

Sodhi Gautam

20 thoughts on “Why didn’t Genghis Khan attack India? Mongol Empire Invasions & Conquests

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