- Hongkong is famous as Asia’s financial and tourism paradise.
- The Chinese interference in Hongkong’s economy and polity has drastically increased in recent years.
The Imperial Era :
- Hongkong came under Chinese rule for the first time in 3rd century BC when China was ruled by Qin dynasty. For next 2,000 years Hongkong was under Chinese rule. It became an important port for Chinese Empire.
- In 18th century, China was a major producer of Tea, Silk and Porcelain. Britain had huge demand for these products but in China-Britain trade, Britain was facing huge trade deficit as China wanted nothing from them.
- Britishers then used another way, which was “drugs” – opium. In China, the use of drugs was banned but through Hongkong port, British started smuggling of opium into China.
- The opium storehouse were seized and destroyed by the Chinese rulers. In 1939, China declared war against Britain but they suffered a defeat. This was was known as 1st Opium War. Treaty of Nanking was signed according to which Hongkong island was given to Britishers.
- In 1856 AD, Second Opium War took place between Chinese empire and the British.But again Britain won. Then Imperial rule was started in Hongkong. Crime rate increased there and locals started protesting against Britishers.
- In 1898, Third Opium War was fought which also ended with China’s defeat. Under Second Convention of Peking, Hongkong was leased to British for 99 years period.
- Of late, British realised that for them to stay in power , local support is necessary. They started social and economic reforms. By the starting of 20th century, massive changes were taking place in China and the World. People’s Republic of China overthrew the Imperial Dynasty in China. The World Wars and the Great Depression had a huge negative impact on Hongkong’s economy and trade networks.
Britain’s last decade in Hongkong:
- Communist Party of China took over the country in 1949. Poor policies of Mao Zedong exploited Chinese citizens. Many wealthy Chinese citizens reached to Hongkong with their wealth and skills.
- Mao Zedong’s cultural revolution targeted capitalists and traditional forces in mainly China British Government started more reforms to spread capitalism and Western Democracy in China. Hongkong became infamous with the name of “Jewel of the East”.
- In 1980s, the expiry of Lease agreement of 1898 coming, China break the silence and demanded reunification of China and Hongkong. In 1984, British PM Margrat Thatcher and China’s Zhou Ziyang signed an agreement according to which Hongkong would remain part of China for next 50 years but Hongkong will independently operate their social and economic systems. The system was known as “One Country, Two Systems ” Hongkong was given high degree of autonomy. On 1st July 1997, British rule ended.
If you want to know how China’s Political System works or Chinese Communist Party, click here.
Politics , Protests & Pandemic :
- According to the signed agreement, “One Country, Two Systems” rule is to be continued in Hongkong upto 2047. But In the last few years, China has started unprecedented crackdown on Hongkong.
- In 2012, China tried to change the school books and curriculum of Hongkong in pro-Chinese.
- In 2019, pro-Chinese Chief Executive – Carrie Lam introduced amendments in Extradition Law of Hongkong according to which Hongkong’s potential criminal can be sent to China for trial. Protests took place against this bill but they were crushed. The bill was withdrawn .
- In last 25 years, China has tried any ways to stifle the freedom of Hongkong in all possible manner. China wants to remove all the Western influence on Hongkong.
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