What has happened :
- A small clinical trial discovered that every single rectal cancer patient who got an experimental treatment saw their disease vanish, in what looks to be a miracle and a “first in history”.
- According to the New York Times, 18 patients took a medicine named Dostarlimab for six months in a limited clinical trial, Done by Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and all of them saw their tumours shrink at the end.
Rectal cancer :
- Rectal cancer is cancer that begins in the rectum. The rectum is the last several inches of the large intestine. It starts at the end of the final segment of your colon and ends when it reaches the short, narrow passage leading to the anus.
The Drug – Dostarlimab
- The trial used a monoclonal antibody called dostarlimab every three weeks for six months for the treatment of a particular kind of stage two or three rectal cancer. The study was done by doctors from the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre in New York, and its results have been published in the New England Journal of Medicine.
- Polyclonal antibodies are made using several different immune cells, While monoclonal antibodies are made using identical immune cells that are all clones of a specific parent cell.
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Findings of the trail :
- The trial showed that immunotherapy alone – without any chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or surgery that have been staples of cancer treatment – Could completely cure the patients with a particular kind of rectal cancer called ‘mismatch repair deficient cancer.
- All 18 patients had completed the treatment and were followed for six to 25 months after. “No cases of progression or recurrence had been reported during the follow-up,” the study said.
- The response too was rapid, with symptoms resolving in 81% of the patients within nine weeks of starting the therapy. The 18 patients expected to have to go through these surgeries as the next step in the research. However, they were surprised that no more therapy was required.
How was it cured :
- Mismatch repair deficient cancer is most common among colorectal, gastrointestinal, and endometrial cancers. Patients suffering from this condition lack the genes to correct typos in the DNA that occur naturally while cells make copies.
- The immunotherapy belongs to a category called PD1 blockades that are now recommended for the treatment of such cancers rather than chemotherapy or radiotherapy, PD1 is a type of protein that regulates certain functions of the immune system, including by suppressing T cell activity, and PD1 blockade therapy looks to release the T cells from this suppression.
How much does it cost :
- An immunotherapy treatment can cost around Rs 4 lakh per month, with patients needing the treatment for six months to a year.
- Cost is believed to be a major hurdle. People may end up using their life-savings for the treatment.
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