What is Bio-mining :
- Bio-mining is the process of using microorganisms (microbes) to metals of economic interest from rock ores or mine waste. techniques may also be used to clean up sites that have uted with metals. It’s usually used for old dumped waste that remains in a partly or decomposed state with no segregation in existence between dry waste. In the cost effective method of biomining, treatment is done by dividing the garbage heap at the site into suitable blocks to let the air percolatein the heap.
- As a result, the leachate which is the water in the heap with bended solid particles is drained off and microbes are ed in the heap to initiate biological decompositions. ne waste is turned over several times in order to devoid the waste to leachate as much as possible. his biological decomposition of the waste decreases the lume of the waste by 40%.
- Bio-mining is a process involving digging out previously dumped disposed of material from landfill sites to recover plastic, metal, ass, combustibles, other fine material, and soil. Plastic, metals, and other material thus recovered will be sent for re-cycling. biodegradable waste in a landfill site gets decomposed. non-biodegradable materials in the same site are recovered and sent for recycling, the land under them can be reclaimed for use.
The Dangers that Landfill pose :
- Landfills have the ability to produce a wide range of problems. Infrastructure disruption, such as major automobile damage to access roads, may occur, among other things .
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Toxins –
- Many items that end up in the waste stream include harmful chemicals. Toxins leak into the soil and groundwater over time, posing environmental concerns for years. Electronic trash is an excellent example. Hazardous compounds found in waste such as televisions, computers, and other electronic goods include mercury, arsenic, cadmium, PVC, solvents, acids, and lead.
Leachate –
- Leachate: When rain falls on open landfills, water percolates through the rubbish and becomes polluted with suspended and dissolved debris, resulting in leachate. if not confined, this can contaminate groundwater.
Greenhouse Gas emissions –
- When organic waste, such as food scraps and green garbage, is disposed of in a landfill, it is usually compacted and covered. This eliminates oxygen, causing it to degrade in an anaerobic manner.
- This eventually produces methane, a greenhouse gas 21 times more powerful than carbon dioxide. The primary components are CO2 and methane, both of which greenhouse gases.
Protective Measures:
- Legacy wastes are wastes that have been gathered and stored for years on barren ground or in a landfill (an area o dump solid waste). The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has recommended a biomining technology for the efficient disposal of residual pollutants.
- The Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 now makes it compulsory to bio-mine legacy waste instead of ‘capping’) which means covering the waste with soil.
- Bio-mining comprises four steps: 1. The excavation of legacy waste, 2. Stabilising the waste through bioremediation, Segregation of excavated waste (sorting into organic fines, ks, stones, plastics, metals, clothes and rags), stainable management of the same through recycling, co g, and its safe disposal.
